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Interphase

  1. Cell grows + number of sub-cellular structures (ribosomes and mitochondria) increases
  2. The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.

Mitosis

  1. One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
  2. Nucleus divides.
  3. Finally the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide
  4. To form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes

Meiosis

  1. Pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and exchange genetic material
  2. Nuclear membrane breaks down and a random chromosome from each pair moves to one end of the cell
  3. the cell divides into 2 cells with one set of chromosomes each
  4. In each cell, one half of each chromosome is pulled to each end of the cell
  5. Nucleus divides.
  6. Finally the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form four genetically different haploid cells (one set of chromosomes each)
  7. Fertilisation restores the full number of chromosomes.

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🧠 Exam-style questions

https://www.exampaperspractice.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Cell-Division.pdf