Intravenous (IV) cannulation is one of the most essential procedures in modern healthcare. From administering fluids and medications to delivering blood products or emergency interventions, IV access is the backbone of patient care across hospitals, clinics, and emergency units. Despite its routine nature, IV cannulation is not free from complications. Even experienced healthcare professionals must remain vigilant because a small lapse in technique, asepsis, or monitoring can lead to patient discomfort, treatment delays, or serious clinical consequences.
This comprehensive guide explores the most common complications associated with IV cannulation, their root causes, and proven strategies to prevent them, ensuring safer outcomes for both patients and clinicians. The objective is to strengthen awareness, standardize best practices, and support healthcare teams with evidence-backed techniques.
Infiltration occurs when the IV cannula dislodges or punctures the vein, allowing the infused fluid to enter the surrounding tissues instead of the bloodstream. This may result in swelling, discomfort, and ineffective delivery of therapy.