Labelling

BrdU labelling → labelled CELLS

= nucleoside analog → build in instead of thymidine

BrdU positive and negative, quantify does not really matter.

When give BrdU

→ dividing unlabeled cell will become 2 labeled cells. → gain 2 labeled cells.

→ from 1 already labelled cell to 2 labelled cells → gain 1 labelled cell.

After giving BrdU:

U+L=1 → always scale it so 1 → so you can use one equation to solve the other.

But a lot of toxicity

Alternative: Stable isotope → labelled DNA STRANDS

Deuterium 2H → how much deuterium goes into the T cells. = measure of turnover the cells.

Gather information during uplabeling and downlabeling bc you do it for longer period of times.

Expressing it at the level of DNA