The concept of non-duality, often associated with Eastern philosophical and spiritual traditions like Buddhism, refers to a state or perception of reality where distinctions and dualities (such as self/other, subject/object, or mind/body) are transcended. It suggests a fundamental oneness or interconnection of all things.

While the concept of non-duality is primarily philosophical or experiential, some recent research in neuroscience has explored states of consciousness that might be related to experiences of non-duality. It's important to note that this is a complex and emerging field of study, and any connections made should be considered tentative. Here are a few areas where there might be connections:

1. Default Mode Network (DMN): The DMN is a network of brain regions that is active when the mind is at rest and not focused on the outside world. It's associated with mind-wandering, self-referential thinking, and ruminating. Some research suggests that during meditation, activity in the DMN can decrease, which may correlate with a reduction in self-referential thinking and a shift towards a non-dual awareness.
2. Neuroplasticity: This is the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience. Regular meditation practice has been shown to cause changes in the brain's structure and function, which may support states of consciousness such as non-duality.
3. Meditation and Brain States: Studies have found that long-term meditators can exhibit different brain activity patterns, such as increased alpha and theta wave activity, which are associated with relaxation and altered states of consciousness. These altered states might include experiences of non-duality.
4. Psychedelic Research: Certain psychedelic substances can induce temporary experiences of non-duality or "ego dissolution." Neuroimaging studies have shown that these experiences are associated with specific patterns of brain activity, such as decreased activity in the DMN.

However, it's crucial to remember that the nature of consciousness and subjective experiences like non-duality are not fully understood and are the subject of ongoing research. While these findings are intriguing, they should be interpreted with caution. The scientific understanding of the brain and consciousness is still evolving, and current knowledge is limited by the available tools and methods of study.