Ran Sam's selected option B: update the remaining WordPress plugins one at a time instead of using a bulk update. The live path used was /home/1615235.cloudwaysapps.com/fctbkwwahp/public_html.
wp-content/upgrade remained 2775 after the earlier updater repair.wp-smush-pro when the vendor updater returned a license/entitlement warning, then skipped it and continued with the remaining inactive Kadence plugin.admin/session_logs/wp-plugin-one-by-one-update-batch-2026-05-17.md.fbd3a95f Log WordPress plugin update batch.breadcrumb-block: 1.1.0 -> 1.1.1, active.kadence-blocks: 3.6.7 -> 3.7.2, active.limit-login-attempts-reloaded: 3.2.0 -> 3.2.3, active.seo-by-rank-math: 1.0.268 -> 1.0.270, active.simple-history: 5.26.0 -> 5.27.0, active.google-site-kit: 1.177.0 -> 1.178.0, active.kadence-starter-templates: 2.2.14 -> 2.3.0, inactive.wp-smush-pro remains active at 4.0.2; target update is 4.0.3.Warning: Failed to update plugin. Check your license details first.