Leaky gut, or increased intestinal permeability, is a condition where the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged, porous, or inflamed, allowing partially digested food particles, toxins, microbes, and antigens to “leak” into the bloodstream.

The small intestine normally acts as a selective barrier—absorbing nutrients while keeping harmful substances out. When this barrier breaks down, it creates a state of immune hyper-reactivity and chronic inflammation, often affecting areas far beyond digestion.

How the Gut Barrier Works (In Simple Terms)

The gut lining is composed of:

• Enterocytes (gut lining cells)
• Tight junction proteins (act like security guards between cells)
• Mucosal layer (a protective coating made of mucin, immunoglobulins, and healthy microbes)

Together, this forms a first line of defense. When healthy, it’s a gatekeeper. When compromised, it becomes a floodgate.

What Happens When the Gut Becomes “Leaky”?

When tight junctions loosen or cells become damaged:

• Foreign particles like gluten fragments, bacterial endotoxins (LPS), pathogens, and partially digested proteins escape into the bloodstream.
• The immune system sees these as invaders and mounts a response.
• Chronic exposure leads to systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and often symptom flare-ups throughout the body.

Conditions Often Associated with Leaky Gut:

(Leaky gut is not always the root cause, but it’s often a contributor)

• IBS & IBD (Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis)
• Food sensitivities or intolerances
• Autoimmune disorders (Hashimoto’s, RA, psoriasis, etc.)
• Eczema, acne, or chronic skin issues
• Migraines and brain fog