newton's first law of motion:

Definition:

An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving at the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced (net) force.

Key Concept – Inertia:

• Inertia is the resistance of an object to a change in its motion.
• The greater the mass, the greater the inertia – heavy objects resist acceleration more than light ones.
• If no net force acts on an object, it will maintain its state of motion. This applies to both stationary and moving objects.

Examples:

• A stationary car will stay still unless a force pushes or pulls it.
• A spacecraft in deep space continues to glide in the same direction forever unless a force (like gravity or thrusters) changes its motion.

newton's second law of motion:

Definition:

The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration.

Formula:

• F = ma

Where:

• F = Force (N)
• m = Mass (kg)
• a = Acceleration (m/s²)