🎓 Unit 11: Exception Handling

Exception handling in C++ is a mechanism to detect and handle runtime errors gracefully, without crashing the program.

✍️ 1. Introduction to Exceptions

An exception is an unexpected situation or error that occurs during the execution of a program (e.g., divide by zero, invalid input, out-of-range access).

Exception handling mechanism provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. This makes it easy to separate the error handling code from the code written to handle the actual functionality of the program.

C++ exception handling is built upon three keywords:

• try block: Code block that may cause an exception is typically placed inside the try block. It is followed by one or more catch blocks.
• throw keyword: The throw keyword is used to throw the exception.
• catch block: this block catches the exception thrown from the try block. Code to handle the exception is written inside this catch block.

Syntax:

try {         
    throw val
} 
catch (ExceptionType e) {   
    // exception handling code
}

There are three types of values that can be thrown as an exception:

• Built-in Types
• Standard Exceptions
• Custom Exceptions

🔸 Throwing Built-in Types