Part I: The Market Revolution (1793-1860)

The Market (Industrial) Revolution (1793-1860)

1. Defined
   1. Technological
      1. Cotton Gin, Steam train
   2. Transportation
      1. Turnpikes
   3. Communication
      1. Telegraphs
   4. Agrarian → Industrialization
2. Essential Components
   1. we have the necessary components
   2. forestry, railroad, iron
   3. the labor, consumers
   4. the transport, capital, people w/ ideas
   5. favorable government feeding into industrialization
3. Capitalism
   1. let free market reign
   2. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776)
4. Sectionalism
   1. North (embraces Industrial Revolution)
      1. Growth of Cities
         1. factories near populations for workforce
      2. banks
      3. roads
      4. factories of industries (away from farming
   2. South
      1. most rejecting of industrial revolution
      2. didn’t embrace because of farming & slave profits
   3. West
      1. not supportive
      2. sparsely populated
      3. mostly aligns with North b/c they want industrial products + get bank loans + railroad
      4. wannabe north

1st Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)

1. Industrial Revolution
   1. Defined
      1. producing things by machine in factories
   2. Factory System
      1. Wage Labor
         1. white males paid the most
         2. paid by weak
         3. females & children paid worst
      2. Division of Labor
         1. becoming an expert in one thing
         2. fast and efficient
2. James Watt & Steam Engine (1763-1775)
   1. turn water into power for steam engine
   2. England barred transferring ideas to America
      1. searched for blueprints
3. Samuel Slater (1790)
   1. “Father of the American Industry Revolution/Factory System”
   2. memorized the blueprint
   3. started 1st american factory
4. Textile Industry
   1. Waltham Lowell System
      1. allowing unmarried women (15-35) to work there (unique)
      2. 6 days a week
      3. producing clothing start→finish
      4. Scheduled lives
   2. South was biggest producer of cotton in the world
   3. Machines could take cotton → thread → clothing

Eli Whitney

1. Cotton Gin
   1. separated seeds from cotton fibers autonomously
2. Results
   1. “Cotton is King!” OR “King Cotton”
   2. South & Textile Industry
      1. #1 export = Cotton
      2. doesn’t support Industrial Revolution b/c of Cotton economy
      3. Textile Factories in North
      4. Increased Slavery
   3. Massive Growth of Slavery
      1. 1M Washington Presidency → 4M Civil War
3. Interchangeable Parts (1801)
   1. couldn’t profit from Cotton Gin so he made interchangeable parts for guns
   2. mass producing these parts for guns (interchangeable)