Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a surgical procedure used to treat conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, or spondylolisthesis in the lower back. The procedure involves making a small incision on the side of the back. The surgeon removes a portion of the lamina, creating space to access the affected disc. The damaged disc is then removed, and a bone graft or cage filled with bone graft material is inserted into the disc space through a transforaminal approach. This promotes fusion between the vertebrae, restoring stability. Additional hardware like screws or rods may be used for further support. TLIF aims to alleviate pain, improve spinal stability, and restore normal function.