• Hydrogen

    • Burning splint burns with a squeaky pop’
    • Produced by reaction between water and group 1 metal or Ca, Sr, Ba ; acid and a reactive metal; alcohol and sodium

  • Oxygen

    • Glowing splint reignites
    • Produced by heating a group 1 nitrate (except LiNo3)

  • Carbon Dioxide

    • Produced by reaction between an acid and a carbonate or hydrogencarbonate; heating a carbonate; heating group 1 hydrogencarbonate

  • Ammonia

    • Damp red litmus paper goes blue

  • Chlorine

  • Hydrogen Chloride ( steamy fumes )

    • Place damp blue litmus paper turning red OR place stopper of bottle of concentrated ammonia in the gas forming white smoke (ammonium chloride)
    • Produced by reaction between concentrated sulfuric acid and a chloride ; PCl5 with alcohol

  • Sulphur Dioxide

    • Pungent irritating smell
    • Warming an acid with solid sulphite, burning sulphur or reducing concentrated sulfuric acid