Urban green spaces—parks, gardens, and natural areas within cities—have become increasingly important to modern city planning and public health. Historically, cities were designed primarily for commerce and industry, with little consideration for natural environments. However, as urbanization accelerated throughout the 20th century, planners and researchers began recognizing the critical role that green spaces play in improving quality of life for urban residents.
The benefits of urban green spaces are well-documented and multifaceted. Environmentally, these areas help reduce air pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. They also mitigate the urban heat island effect—a phenomenon where cities experience significantly higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to the concentration of buildings and pavement. Additionally, green spaces provide habitats for wildlife, promoting biodiversity in otherwise concrete-dominated landscapes.
Beyond environmental advantages, urban parks offer substantial psychological and social benefits. Research has consistently shown that access to green spaces reduces stress, anxiety, and depression among urban populations. People who regularly visit parks report higher levels of physical activity and better overall health outcomes. Furthermore, parks serve as community gathering spaces where people from diverse backgrounds can interact, fostering social cohesion and a sense of belonging.
The economic impact of green spaces should not be overlooked. Studies indicate that properties adjacent to parks command higher values and rental prices. Parks also attract tourists and generate revenue through recreational activities. Investment in green infrastructure often results in long-term economic benefits that exceed initial costs, making it a sound financial decision for municipalities.
Despite these clear advantages, many cities struggle to maintain and expand their green spaces. Budget constraints, competing land-use priorities, and rapid urban development often result in the reduction of parks and natural areas. Some cities have adopted innovative solutions, such as vertical gardens, rooftop parks, and community gardens, to maximize green space in densely populated areas. These creative approaches demonstrate that with proper planning and commitment, cities can successfully integrate nature into urban environments.
1. According to the passage, what is the urban heat island effect?
A) A type of pollution caused by industrial factories
B) A phenomenon where cities experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas
C) A reduction in air quality due to increased vegetation
D) A seasonal change in urban weather patterns
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of urban green spaces?
A) Reduction of air pollution
B) Improved mental health for residents
C) Increased rainfall in urban areas
D) Higher property values
3. The author mentions "vertical gardens, rooftop parks, and community gardens" primarily to
A) explain why cities are running out of space
B) demonstrate innovative solutions for incorporating green spaces in dense areas
C) show that traditional parks are no longer necessary
D) prove that urban development is harmful to the environment
4. The word "multifaceted" in paragraph 2 most likely means:
A) expensive and complicated
B) having many different aspects or sides
C) difficult to understand
D) related to multiple cities
5. The phrase "foster social cohesion" in paragraph 3 most nearly means:
A) prevent people from gathering together
B) create divisions among community members
C) promote unity and connection among people
D) reduce the number of park visitors
6. Based on the passage, it can be inferred that:
A) Most cities prioritize green spaces over commercial development
B) Urban parks are more important than rural natural areas
C) Historically, city planners did not consider environmental concerns as important as they do today
D) Green spaces are only beneficial for wealthy neighborhoods
7. The author's tone throughout the passage can best be described as:
A) critical and pessimistic
B) informative and balanced
C) sarcastic and dismissive
D) emotional and biased