Solana具体改善了&未改善什么/What Solana Specifically Improves&Doesn't Improve

(English Version: Top-right translate button OR scroll down.)

改善了什么

缓解了交易的费用压力：Solana通过更高的节点要求与并行架构，追求更高TPS，使得高并发场景下，较高吞吐和并行执行有助于缓解区块空间竞争，从而使手续费不容易飙升。
提高了交易效率：Solana的sealevel特性使得互不冲突的程序可以被并行执行，大大提高了交易的执行效率。PoH也降低了验证者对通讯的依赖，降低节点为确认先后关系进行的协调成本。
增强了应用层的拓展性：较高吞吐和较低费用使得Solana更适合承载高频交互型应用，从而在应用层扩展了支付、游戏、NFT、社交等场景。
应用层的潜在收益：降低了部分地理和流程摩擦，更细粒度的资产可以在链上表示和转移，这提高了资产拆分和链上流转的可操作性。

链上交易排序带来的问题：Solana并没有改变链上交易排序的问题，因此它并未消除MEV的风险。

与大多数公链一样，钱包对私钥的强依赖未被消除：种子短语就如metamask的私钥，是钱包的唯一一个密码，如果种子短语丢失，用户将失去对资产的访问权；如果种子短语泄露，用户将面临资产被盗的风险。

验证者/客户端集中度风险：Solana较高的硬件和运行要求导致验证者的参与门槛被提高，这不可避免地增加了验证者的集中，带来了网路中心化的压力。

单点故障与系统性风险上升：由于节点依赖硬件性能，更高的硬件门槛和验证者集中度，可能提高了网络对少数大型节点和少数客户端的依赖，从而导致带点故障和系统性风险更高。

状态冲突下并行执行并非总能兑现：Sealevel的特性强调互不冲突的智能合约/程序可以被并行处理，因此如果合约本身互相冲突，相关交易将退回到顺序执行。

Reduced transaction fee pressure: Solana, through higher node requirements and a parallel architecture, pursues higher TPS. In high-concurrency scenarios, higher throughput and parallel execution help alleviate block space competition, thus preventing transaction fees from skyrocketing.
Improved transaction efficiency: Solana's sealevel feature allows non-conflicting processes to be executed in parallel, significantly improving transaction execution efficiency. PoH also reduces validators' reliance on communication, lowering the coordination costs for nodes to determine confirmation order.
Enhanced application layer scalability: Higher throughput and lower fees make Solana more suitable for supporting high-frequency interactive applications, thus expanding into application layers such as payments, games, NFTs, and social networking.
Potential benefits at the application layer: Reduced geographical and procedural friction allows for finer-grained asset representation and transfer on-chain, improving the operability of asset splitting and on-chain circulation.