(English Version: Top-right translate button OR scroll down.)
以太坊上，每一次交易都需要付一定的手续费（GAS）。以太坊的区块gas limit和区块空间有限，网络拥堵时，需求增加必然导致区块空间竞争（Gas 费被推高），这直接导致用户交易的成本变高，间接导致用户的减少。
Solana的节点硬件要求更高，高性能的服务器使得互不干扰的交易能被同时处理，竞争相对较弱，因此手续费也没那么容易飙升。因此，TPS（每秒的交易数）远高于早期低吞吐公链。
在传统的分布式系统中，节点需要对交易顺序和状态转换达成一致，这带来了确认成本，产生了巨大的网络延迟。而Solana通过PoH提供了可验证的时间来源，在 PoH 中，交易被“编织”进这个哈希序列里。每个节点看到序列后，就能推断出交易发生的先后顺序，降低了对相互通信确认的依赖。这大大提高了交易的处理速度。
Solana的sealevel特性使得它可以并行运行大量的智能合约。只要智能合约互相不冲突，便有机会一起运行。相较于更偏顺序执行、逐笔修改全局状态的运行，Solana更强调对互不冲突交易的并行执行，从而提高整体交易速度。
Solana的核心设计目标，是优先缓解高并发场景下的费用、延迟和顺序确认成本，并通过并行执行来提高整体吞吐。
On Ethereum, every transaction requires a certain amount of gas fees. Since Ethereum’s block gas limit and block space are finite, increased demand during network congestion inevitably leads to competition for block space (driving up gas fees). This directly increases the cost of transactions for users and indirectly leads to a decline in user numbers.
Solana’s node hardware requirements are higher. High-performance servers enable transactions to be processed simultaneously without interfering with one another, resulting in relatively less competition and preventing gas fees from spiking as easily. Consequently, its TPS (transactions per second) far exceeds that of early low-throughput public blockchains.
In traditional distributed systems, nodes must reach consensus on transaction order and state transitions, which incurs confirmation costs and generates significant network latency. Solana, however, provides a verifiable time source through Proof of History (PoH). In PoH, transactions are “woven” into this hash sequence. Upon observing the sequence, each node can deduce the chronological order of transactions, reducing reliance on mutual communication for confirmation. This significantly accelerates transaction processing.
Solana’s Sealevel feature enables it to run a large number of smart contracts in parallel. As long as smart contracts do not conflict with one another, they can run simultaneously. Compared to a more sequential execution model that modifies the global state one transaction at a time, Solana emphasizes the parallel execution of non-conflicting transactions, thereby improving overall transaction speed.
Solana’s core design goal is to prioritize mitigating the costs of fees, latency, and sequential confirmation in high-concurrency scenarios, while improving overall throughput through parallel execution.