https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKbUbfadxRU&list=PL9IouNCPbCxU3bKmUzQ4wvtRwS_n870G0

Good measuring instruments

Precise ~ repeated readings are close together Accurate ~ reading closer to the true value

• Use instruments with higher resolution → smaller scale divisions = more precise readings
• Use instruments with higher sensitivity
• Read scales at eye level → Reducing parallax errors
• Less chance of instrument reading errors eg. data logger instead of thermometer
• Check for zero errors (displays a reading when not connected)→ reduce systematic error
• Take repeat measurements and calculate a mean ****→ reducing random error

Models are used…

• To make sure the process is possible
• To develop an understanding of the process and make predictions
• To assess safety risks + environmental impact
• Set-up cost is lower (for small scale experiments)

Graphs