Rubella

Rubella and Pregnancy

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection caused by the togavirus. Following the introduction of the MMR vaccine it is now rare. If contracted during pregnancy there is a risk of congenital rubella syndrome. Remember that the incubation period is 14-21 days and individuals are infectious from 7 days before symptoms appear to 4 days after the onset of the rash.

Risk

• in first 8-10 weeks risk of damage to fetus is as high as 90%
• damage is rare after 16 weeks

Features of congenital rubella syndrome

• sensorineural deafness
• congenital cataracts
• congenital heart disease (e.g. patent ductus arteriosus)
• growth retardation
• hepatosplenomegaly
• purpuric skin lesions
• 'salt and pepper' chorioretinitis
• microphthalmia
• cerebral palsy

Diagnosis

• suspected cases should be discussed immediately with the local Health Protection Unit (HPU) as type/timing of investigations may vary