With collections of small, very general primitives, we can combine them in ways to build

Semantic primes - Wikipedia

English dictionary recursively defined from just 60 words | Hacker News

... entire written languages

Lambda calculus

... entire programming languages

The Grammar of Graphics | Leland Wilkinson | Springer

... entire systems of graphical expression of data

Atomic Design

... entire design systems

Parser combinator

MaxwellBo/A-tour-of-Scala

... or parsers. Parser Combinators

Zettelkästen?

Each “zettel” (aka note) can only contain a single thought. For index cards, that’s a limitation of its physical size. But software encourages short entries too, as well as the branching/splitting of zettels. This makes it unlike a Wikipedia page, which is more like a book chapter or article. You could think of Wikipedia articles as being molecular; zettel entries are atomic.

... note taking systems?