Physical therapy for back pain involves a multidimensional approach to alleviate discomfort and improve function. It typically begins with a comprehensive assessment to identify the underlying causes. Treatment may include exercises that focus on strengthening core muscles, improving flexibility, and promoting proper posture. Manual therapy techniques such as joint mobilization and soft tissue massage can help reduce pain and restore mobility. Additionally, education on ergonomics, body mechanics, and lifestyle modifications are provided to prevent future episodes. Physical therapists may also incorporate modalities like heat or ice therapy and electrical stimulation to manage pain and facilitate healing. The ultimate goal is to enhance overall spinal health and enable individuals to resume their daily activities pain-free.