Over the past year, I’ve seen P.A.R.A. implementations of all shapes and sizes. I’ve seen them from every corner of the globe, in languages I don’t even recognize, in at least a dozen different programs, and both digital and physical forms.

Over that time, eight core principles seem to have emerged as fundamental features. Whether you’ve taken on the particularities of the system I’ve described in this series, adopting these principles will seriously upgrade your digital organization.

在过去的一年里，我看到了各种形式和规模的P.A.R.A.实现。我看到了来自全球各个角落的P.A.R.A.的实现，用我不认识的语言，至少有十几种不同的程序，以及数字和物理形式。

在这段时间里，八项核心原则似乎已经作为基本特征出现了。无论你是否接受了我在本系列中描述的系统的特殊性，采用这些原则都会严重提升你的数字化组织。

Here they are, in no particular order:

1. Organize by actionability

2. Organize opportunistically

3. Move quickly, touch lightly

4. Controlled randomness

5. Complex systems have to be grown, not made

6. Focus on outcomes

7. Fail gracefully

8. Shallow hierarchies

9. 按可操作性组织起来

10. 适时组织

11. 动作要快，触摸要轻