Observational Studies

It is non-experimental, no individual intervention;

can be:

  1. Descriptive
  2. Analytical

Types:

  1. Case report
  2. Case series
  3. Cross-Sectional study
  4. Case-Control study
  5. Cohort study
  6. Twin concordance study
  7. Adoption study

Prospective and Retrospective

Cross-sectional Study

at a particular point in time

Asks: what is happening?

Measures: disease prevalence

Case-control Study