Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)

Triad of GUD -

• Abnormal Gait: Earliest feature and most responsive to treatment; bradykinetic, broad-based, magnetic, and shuffling gait
• Urinary incontinence: Urinary frequency, urgency, or frank incontinence
• Dementia: Prominent memory loss and bradyphrenia; forgetfulness, decreased attention, inertia

The cerebrospinal fluid protein lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) may have potential as a diagnostic marker in idiopathic NPH (iNPH)

Craniopharyngioma

alternatively known as an adamantinoma or ameloblastoma

The histological pattern recapitulates the enamel organ of the tooth, with nests

or cords of stratified squamous or columnar epithelium embedded in a loose fibrous stroma.

Calcification (and even metaplastic bone formation) is common in these benign tumors, which are thought to arise from vestigial remnants of Rathke's pouch.

can present with:

bitemporal hemianopia due to compression on the optic chiasm

central diabetes insipidus

Nystagmus

Upbeat nystagmus

• cerebellar vermis lesions