Mycobacteria other than TB

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) or

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC) in immunocompromised/AIDS patients

Mycobacterium kansaii

TB like symptoms in people with COPD (chronic bronchitis; emphysema)

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy (Hansen disease)

Leprosy is a granulomatous disease primarily affecting the peripheral nerves and skin. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae.

Features

• patches of hypopigmented skin typically affecting the buttocks, face, and extensor surfaces of limbs
• sensory loss

The degree of cell mediated immunity determines the type of leprosy a patient will develop.

Low degree of cell mediated immunity → lepromatous leprosy ('multibacillary')

• extensive skin involvement
• symmetrical nerve involvement

High degree of cell mediated immunity → tuberculoid leprosy ('paucibacillary')