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Schneiders Dynamic Model (2007

Illustrates how varieties of English become Established in an area through colonisation. Shows how over time English sheds its foreignness to become a native language.

Phase 1: Foundation

• English first appears in new territory

Phase 2: Exonormative stabilisation

• English begins to be used modelled off ‘exo’ (outside) standards and norms

Phase 3: Nativisation

• old and new languages become more closely linked due to relationships ( social and business)

Phase 4: Endonormative Stabilisation

• English being spoken develops new ‘endo’ (inside) standards and norms
• becomes codified

Phase 5: Differentiation

• the new variety of English develops its own regional and social differences

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