👉 Modals are helping verbs used with the main verb to show ability, possibility, permission, necessity, advice, obligation, certainty, etc.

⚡ Features of Modals:

1. Same form for all subjects (He can, I can, They can).
2. Always followed by the base form of the verb (no s, -ed, -ing).
   • Correct: She can sing.
   • Wrong: She can singing.
3. They do not change with tense, but some modals have past forms (can → could, will → would, may → might, shall → should, must→ had to).

List of Modals with Uses & Examples

1. Can ( whatever you can do ) = Present

• Ability: I can swim. ( S+m+V+O)
• Permission: Can I borrow your pen?
• Possibility: It can rain today.

2. Could =Past form of Can

• Past ability: She could dance well when she was young.
• Polite request: Could you help me? ( present )

3. May

• Permission: You may go now.