Background and Rise Through the Ranks Min Aung Hlaing is a central figure in Myanmar’s modern political history, primarily known for his long military career and his decisive role in shaping the country’s governance. Born in 1956, he joined the Defence Services Academy, the elite training institution that has produced many of Myanmar’s senior military leaders. From early in his career, Min Aung Hlaing followed a path typical of ambitious officers within the Tatmadaw, Myanmar’s powerful armed forces, gaining experience in regional commands and strategic posts. His steady promotions reflected not only professional competence but also his ability to navigate the complex internal politics of the military, where loyalty, discipline, and alignment with senior leadership are crucial. By the time he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services in 2011, he had positioned himself at the center of the country’s most influential institution. Role of the Military in Myanmar’s Political System To understand Min Aung Hlaing’s influence, it is essential to recognize the role of the military in Myanmar’s political structure. Even during periods of partial civilian rule, the constitution reserved significant power for the armed forces, including control over key ministries and a guaranteed share of parliamentary seats. As Commander-in-Chief, Min Aung Hlaing was not merely a military leader but a political actor with constitutional authority. This arrangement allowed him to exert influence over national security, internal administration, and border affairs, making the military a parallel center of power alongside any elected government. His leadership style emphasized unity, discipline, and the preservation of what the military views as national stability, often framing political challenges as threats to sovereignty and order. Min Aung Hlaing The 2021 Military Takeover and Consolidation of Power Min Aung Hlaing became a global figure following the military takeover in February 2021, which ended Myanmar’s experiment with broader democratic governance. The military justified its actions by alleging electoral irregularities, while critics viewed the move as an effort to preserve military dominance and protect institutional interests. Following the takeover, Min Aung Hlaing assumed a leading role in the new governing structure, consolidating power through emergency measures and expanded military authority. This period marked a turning point in Myanmar’s trajectory, as mass protests, civil disobedience, and armed resistance emerged in response. Under his leadership, the military adopted a hardline approach, arguing that firm control was necessary to restore stability and prevent fragmentation of the state. Domestic Impact and Governance Challenges Internally, Min Aung Hlaing’s leadership has faced immense challenges, including economic decline, social unrest, and humanitarian concerns. The disruption of normal governance and economic activity affected livelihoods across the country, while ongoing conflict in various regions strained state capacity. Supporters within the military and aligned groups argue that strong centralized authority is essential in a diverse and conflict-prone nation like Myanmar. Critics, however, contend that the concentration of power under military leadership has deepened divisions and prolonged instability. Managing these competing narratives has been a defining aspect of Min Aung Hlaing’s tenure, as he seeks to project control while confronting persistent resistance. International Response and Global Standing On the international stage, Min Aung Hlaing has become a controversial figure. Many Western countries imposed sanctions and limited diplomatic engagement, citing concerns over human rights and democratic backsliding. At the same time, Myanmar under his leadership has sought to maintain relations with neighboring countries and regional partners, emphasizing principles of non-interference and sovereignty. This balancing act reflects a broader strategy to reduce isolation while resisting external pressure for political change. Min Aung Hlaing’s interactions with regional forums and allies highlight his attempt to secure legitimacy and support in a divided international environment. Legacy and Ongoing Influence Min Aung Hlaing’s legacy remains actively contested and unfinished. To some, he represents continuity and the enduring role of the military as the guardian of the state. To others, he symbolizes the reversal of democratic progress and the human cost of military rule. What is clear is that his actions have reshaped Myanmar’s political landscape in profound ways, influencing the country’s institutions, its relations with the world, and the daily lives of its people. As Myanmar continues to navigate uncertainty, Min Aung Hlaing’s influence will remain a defining factor in determining its future direction.