Question 1

1. 170% increase in flood risk
2. True

Question 2

1. One cause of sea level rise is climate change. This is because increased greenhouse gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, trapping more infrared waves in the atmosphere which raise global temperatures. This causes the melting of ice caps and glaciers, adding more water to the oceans.

Question 3

1. Strengths:

   • The investigation ensures that both primary and secondary data is conducted. It details to interview members of the local council and residents as well as analyze rainfall data and soil samples. This means that the information provided is reliable.
   • The investigation allows for the proposed water plaza to stop flooding. With excess water stored in the sunken areas of the plaza, it will keep the people and surrounding areas safe. Therefore the goal of the investigation is met.

   Limitations:

   • However, the investigation does not include consulting nearby businesses. Since they are also stakeholders, it is important to talk to them. Not consulting local businesses might mean that the plan cannot go ahead.
   • Additionally, the timeline provided in the investigation is vague. It does not specify tasks for specific weeks. This is important as some tasks may take more time than the rest and will be difficult to recreate if followed by someone else.

   Appraisal:

   • In conclusion, the investigation collects varied data and is able to fulfill its outcome. However, it does not consult all stakeholders and has a vague timeline which reduces practicality. Overall, the action plan is successful.

Question 4

1. To what extent has Germany’s Energiewende policy reduced the carbon emissions of the country over time?
2. My RQ investigates how an existing policy, Energiewende, has reduced the impacts of climate change in the future. The policy was put in place to achieve a sustainable, reliable and climate-neutral energy system by transitioning from fossil fuels and nuclear energy to renewable energies like solar and wind. This is important because burning fossil fuels releases carbon emissions into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect. The RQ demonstrates how effective planning can reduce the impact of climate change which will help the local government to consider the actions they need to take.
3. One challenge that I could face are language barriers as I may not be able to communicate with the local population and conduct interviews and surveys.
4. Statistics on the topic from the local government would be very beneficial towards my investigation because it would provide quantitive data which shows the percentage of energy being generated from renewable energy and how that has impacted the carbon emissions from the country. This will allow me to make direct comparisons and links and come to a suitable conclusion.

Question 5

1. Subject: Use of GIS in Managing Tectonic Events in Tonga

   Dear Ministry of Disaster Response,

   Thank you for your email regarding the recent volcanic eruption and tsunami in Tonga.

   Using GIS will allow for a better understanding of the impact of tectonic hazards as it layers different types of data together. For example, GIS can combine satellite imagery, population data and elevation models to identify area most at risk from hazards such as volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. In the case of the eruption affecting Nuku’alofa, this could help authorities identify low-lying coastal areas that are most vulnerable to flooding and prioritize evacuation routes and emergency response. This will make disaster management more organized and targeted effectively.

   However, GIS require significant financial investment, technical expertise and reliable infrastructure to operate effecivel Following a major disaster, these resources may be limited, particularly in a country like Tonga where the eruoption caused widespread damage and disruption. This can make it difficult to collect accurate data or use GIS tools immediately after the event, reducing its short-term effectiveness when rapid response is crucial.

   In conclusion, GIS is a highly valuable took for planning and managing tectonic hazards but its usefulness may be constrained by cost and access to resources, especially in the aftermath of a major disaster. I hope that answers your queries!

   Yours sincerely,

   SpatialCode.

   Question 6

   1. Galapagos
   2. To educate people on the impact of tourism on the Galapagos Islands.
   3. One value is that it provides a detailed unbiased analysis of the strengths and limitations of tourism in the Galapagos Island which will allow the student to build a case study with various perspectives.
   4. One limitation is that it only provides information on the Galapagos Islands which limits the number of case studies and information that the presentation will have.

Question 7

1. The government should choose option 2 because it will provide jobs for the locals, increasing the quality of life and providing employment opportunities. The guide would be invested in protecting and managing the environment, therefore option 2 is the best enxt step because it will help the economy and the environment. Option 1 protects the environment but does not provide as many benefits for the local population as the money earned will go directly to the government instead of the people.

Question 8

An increase in tourist numbers is the greatest threat to sustainable tourism.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

In a well-structured essay, you should: