Lumbar microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed to relieve pressure on a compressed nerve in the lower back. The procedure begins with a small incision made in the midline of the lower back. Through this small incision, a tubular retractor is inserted to create a pathway to the affected disc. Using specialized surgical instruments and a microscope, the surgeon removes a small portion of the herniated or damaged disc that is compressing the nerve. This relieves pressure on the nerve, alleviates pain, and restores normal nerve function. The small incision and minimal disruption to surrounding tissues result in a quicker recovery and reduced postoperative pain compared to traditional open surgery.