PIV

The specification of "Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification" in all its glory:

NIST.SP.800-73-4.pdf

It is complemented by "Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification":

NIST.SP.800-78-4.pdf

For more background, FIPS 201 "Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors" can be consulted (originating from George W. Bush's "Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12"):

NIST.FIPS.201-2.pdf

ISO 7816

Unfortunately, ISO standards are not free