Normal values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are as follows:

• pressure = 60-150 mm (patient recumbent)
• protein = 0.2-0.4 g/l
• glucose = > 2/3 blood glucose
• cells: red cells = 0, white cells < 5/mm³

The following conditions are associated with

raised protein

levels

• Guillain-Barre syndrome
• tuberculous, fungal and bacterial meningitis
• spinal block (Froin's syndrome*)
• viral encephalitis

*describes an increase in CSF protein below a spinal canal blockage (e.g. tumour, disc, infection)

The following conditions are associated with raised lymphocytes

• viral meningitis/encephalitis
• TB meningitis
• partially treated bacterial meningitis
• Lyme disease