Intro to Aging and Human Longevity

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• WHAT IS AGING? AGING IS YOUR EPIGENOME FORGETTING WHAT TYPE OF CELL IT IS. SKIN CELL MIGHT FORGET WHAT KIND OF CELL IT IS. COULD TURN INTO A BRAIN CELL.
• HORVATH CLOCK TELLS YOU WHEN YOU’RE GONNA DIE: READING CHEMICALS THAT ACCUMULATE ON DNA LIKE PLAQUE ON YOUR TEETH
• REDUCING AGING IN MICE: INTERMITTENT FASTING, KEEP IT A LITTLE BIT COOL, RESTRICT AMINO ACIDS.

AVOID DNA DAMAGE, EAT LESS, EAT LESS PROTEIN, HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING, BE COLD, BE HOT,

• Senescent Cells: Cells have an expiration date. Each time they divide, it copies its chromosomes. They lose DNA at the ends. They have long segments of DNA called Telomeres. Senescent cells stay around and don’t die, the older u get, the longer they stay inside of you. Destroying ur senescent cells allowed mice to live 30% longer. Diabetes and kidney failure.
• NAD+: Cells are made from hundreds of millions of parts. These parts need to be destroyed and cleaned up. Older we get, less effective it becomes. Or they’re no longer produced. NAD+ is what tells us to do this. Low amounts are related to Skin cancer, Alzheimer’s, Heart Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. Could be first human anti-aging pill.
• Stem Cells: Cell blueprints that sit around the body and copy themselves to produce fresh young cells. Decline at old age. Fresh stem cells from younger animals reinvigorated older stem cells. No single magic bullet to solve aging.
• Why do we age? Telomeres. They get shorter. Kinda like tips of your shoe laces.
• Loss of information is because of your Epigenome. Responsible for turning on / off DNA. Tells your cells what kind of cells to be. As we age, losing information in the epigenome.
• RESET ENTIRE EPIGEONME : PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL
• Longevity research is not about targeting individual diseases, but rather targeting the processes that make the human body more vulnerable to diseases as it ages. Work towards lengthening healthspan (the amount of time an individual spends their lifetime in health) is still in its early stages.
• Senescence is the n.1 cause of aging in mammals, and senescent cells are caused by the shortening and degradation of telomeres over time.
• The use of stem cells from younger organisms, cells that have the potential to become any type of animal cell, has been proven to significantly improve overall health and lengthen lifespan in mice.
• One of the largest consequences of aging is the reduced blood flow to tissues and organs, not letting your body get the oxygen and nutrients it needs to work properly.

Telomeres

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• As cells replicate, the telomeres that protect their chromosomes shorten. Once the telomeres are whittled down, the cell stops replicating to avoid genetic mutation and becomes a senescent cell.