Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV seroconversion is symptomatic in 60-80% of patients and typically presents as a glandular fever-type illness. Increased symptomatic severity is associated with poorer long-term prognosis. It typically occurs 3-12 weeks after infection

Features

• sore throat
• lymphadenopathy
• malaise, myalgia, arthralgia
• diarrhoea
• maculopapular rash
• mouth ulcers
• rarely meningoencephalitis

Risk of transmission without Prophylactic treatment

Vaginal   :       1:3000- 1:10,000 for insertive intercourse; 1:1000 for receptive intercourse

Oral sex  :       1:1000 for receptive fellatio with ejaculation; unclear for insertive fellatio or cunnilingus

Needle stick injury:  1:300

Anal sex  :      1:100 for receptive anal intercourse

Mother to child:   25%- 30% perinatal transmission without medication