https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats#Biology

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pronom/

https://oclc-research.github.io/infoURI-Frozen/info-uri.info/ListRecords.html

http://www.fileextension.org/

https://curlie.org/Computers/Data_Formats/

Protein “File” ["*.pdb"] 3D protein structure.
Small molecule “File” [".sdf"] or [".sdf", "*.mol2"] 3D small molecule structures. We generally recommend using .sdf files.
Small molecule SMILES “File” ["*.smi"] SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) describes the structure of molecules using short ASCII strings.
Peptide sequence (e.g. amino acid chains such as proteins) “File” ["*.fasta"] Common format for sequencing data.
Nucleotide sequence (e.g. DNA, RNA) “File” ["*.fasta"] As above.
Sequencing raw data “File” ["*.fastq"] FASTQ is an extension of FASTA. It stores the biological sequence and the corresponding quality scores. Often this data comes from 2nd generation sequencing machines from Illumina.
Nanopore sequencing raw data “File” ["*.fast5"] The standard sequencing output for Oxford Nanopore sequencers such as the MinION. Based on the HDF5 standard. Unlike .fasta and .fastq, .fast5 is binary.