EnviroPulse is an IoT-anchored environmental compliance platform that prevents greenwashing by generating ESG reports directly from tamper-evident physical sensors installed at company facilities — making falsification structurally impossible.

1. Problem Statement

Greenwashing is the practice of companies overstating or fabricating their environmental compliance data in ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) reports submitted to regulators and investors. Under Malaysia's current framework, ESG disclosures to Bursa Malaysia and the Department of Environment (DOE) are largely self-reported — companies compile and submit their own pollution and emissions data. This creates an inherent conflict of interest with no independent verification mechanism.

Key Problems:

Companies can manipulate or selectively omit pollution readings before submitting reports to the DOE under EQA 1974
Bursa Malaysia ESG disclosures are not cross-validated against real environmental sensor data
Regulators lack real-time visibility into factory-floor conditions between audit cycles
Vulnerable communities near industrial zones have no access to independent environmental data
OSH Amendment 2024 compliance for outdoor workers cannot be verified without live heat and air quality readings

EnviroPulse Solution: Each registered company installs a certified IoT sensor node at their facility. All sensor readings flow directly to the EnviroPulse platform — bypassing the company's internal systems. ESG reports are auto-generated from this independent data stream and submitted directly to government regulators. Companies cannot alter, delay, or selectively report readings. The data speaks for itself.

2. System Vision

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    PROBLEM (TODAY)                          │
│                                                             │
│  Factory ──self-reports──► Company ESG Team                 │
│                                    │                        │
│                               (can falsify)                 │
│                                    │                        │
│                                    ▼                        │
│                            DOE / Bursa Malaysia             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    SOLUTION (ENVIROPULSE)                   │
│                                                             │
│  Factory Sensor ──live data──► EnviroPulse Platform         │
│       (IoT node,                      │                     │
│     tamper-evident)          (AI auto-generates             │
│                               ESG report from              │
│                               raw sensor data)             │
│                                       │                     │
│                              ┌────────┴────────┐           │
│                              ▼                  ▼           │
│                        DOE Portal        Bursa Malaysia     │
│                      (real-time)         ESG Submission     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

3. Stakeholders & User Roles

Role	Who	System Access
Company Admin	Factory/plantation EHS officer	Register facility, view own sensor data, download compliance reports
Regulator (DOE)	Department of Environment Malaysia	View all companies' live sensor feeds, receive auto-submitted reports, trigger audits
Regulator (Bursa)	Bursa Malaysia ESG compliance team	Receive structured ESG disclosures, view company ESG scores
Platform Admin	EnviroPulse operations team	Manage sensor registry, monitor platform health, calibrate thresholds
ESG Investor / Public	Fund managers, civil society	Read-only public dashboard of aggregated district-level data
OSH Inspector	DOSH Malaysia	View heat index and air quality at specific job sites for worker safety enforcement

4. High-Level System Architecture

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         PHYSICAL LAYER                                   │
│                                                                          │
│  [Factory A Sensor]  [Factory B Sensor]  [Factory C Sensor]  ...         │
│   AQI · PM2.5 · NO2   Heat Index · UV    SO2 · CO · Wind                │
│        │                    │                    │                       │
└────────┼────────────────────┼────────────────────┼───────────────────────┘
         │  MQTT / HTTPS      │                    │
         ▼                    ▼                    ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      INGESTION & PROCESSING LAYER                        │
│                                                                          │
│   ┌──────────────────┐   ┌──────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐  │
│   │  Sensor Registry │   │ Data Ingestion   │   │  Validation &      │  │
│   │  (company–sensor │   │ API (Express.js) │   │  Tamper Detection  │  │
│   │   mapping)       │   │  :3001           │   │  Engine            │  │
│   └──────────────────┘   └──────────────────┘   └────────────────────┘  │
│                                   │                                      │
│   ┌───────────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐   │
│   │              Core Processing Engine                              │   │
│   │  · Rothfusz Heat Index     · IDW Spatial Interpolation           │   │
│   │  · US EPA PM2.5→AQI        · Threshold Breach Detection          │   │
│   │  · Trend Scaling           · Anomaly Detection                   │   │
│   └───────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘   │
└───────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┘
                                    │
         ┌──────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┐
         ▼                          ▼                          ▼
┌─────────────────┐      ┌─────────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────────┐
│   AI Engine     │      │   Report Generator  │    │   Alert Engine      │
│  ilmu-glm-5.1   │      │  Auto-ESG Report    │    │  Real-time breach   │
│  · Advisory     │      │  (jsPDF + html2canvas│    │  notifications to  │
│  · 48h Forecast │      │   → PDF submission) │    │  DOE / company     │
│  · ESG Narrative│      └──────────┬──────────┘    └─────────────────────┘
└─────────────────┘                 │
                                    ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                       PRESENTATION LAYER                                 │
│                                                                          │
│  ┌─────────────────┐  ┌──────────────────┐  ┌───────────────────────┐   │
│  │ Company Portal  │  │ Government Portal │  │ Public Dashboard      │   │
│  │ React 19 + Vite │  │ (DOE / Bursa)    │  │ (Aggregated District  │   │
│  │ · Sensor status │  │ · All companies  │  │  AQI · Heat · Maps)   │   │
│  │ · ESG score     │  │ · Report inbox   │  │ (MapLibre / Leaflet)  │   │
│  │ · AI advisory   │  │ · Audit triggers │  └───────────────────────┘   │
│  └─────────────────┘  └──────────────────┘                              │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘