Light, Sound, Electricity

Y E A R 3

• 💡We can see things because of light. Darkness is the absence of light.
• 💡Some objects are sources of light.
• 💡Some objects reflect light.
• 💡The amount of light affects how easy something is to see.
• 💡Light from the sun is so powerful that it can damage our eyes. We need to protect them.
• 💡The transparency of an object is how much light it lets through. Transparent objects let through all light, translucent objects let some light through, and opaque objects let no light through.
• 💡Shadows are formed when a translucent or opaque object is placed between a light source and a surface. The size of a shadow is affected by the positions of the light, object and surface.

Y E A R 4

• 🔊When objects vibrate they produce vibrations. Different vibrations produce different sounds.
• 🔊Vibrations travel in waves. These can only travel through solids, liquids and gases.
• 🔊The strength of these vibrations affect how loud or quiet a sound is. We call this volume. The distance that these vibrations travel affects their volume.
• 🔊When objects vibrate very quickly they produce a higher sound. When vibrations are slower, they produce a lower sound. We call this pitch.
• 🔊Our ears receive the sound waves and convert them to messages to our brain.
• ⚡️Some things we use need electricity to power them. We call these electrical appliances. The electricity can come from power sockets (mains electricity) or batteries.
• ⚡️Electricity travels from the source in a circuit. We can make circuits using a range of different components such as lamps, buzzers, wires, cells and switches. All of these components need to be connected otherwise the circuit will not work.
• ⚡️Some materials allow electricity to pass through it: these are called conductors and are usually metals. Others stop electricity passing through: these are called insulators.