https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xCO6_5O82vZn9RoRXgUXeVcVxgQDjCwm/view?usp=sharing

1. Understanding Disk Quotas

Key Concepts

• Soft Limit: Warning threshold (user can exceed temporarily).
• Hard Limit: Absolute maximum (blocks further writes).
• Grace Period: Time allowed to exceed soft limit (default: 7 days).
• Block Quotas: Limit disk space (in 1KB blocks).
• Inode Quotas: Limit number of files.

⚠️ Requirements:

• Filesystem must support quotas (ext4, xfs)
• Mount options: usrquota, grpquota

2. Preparing the Quota Environment

Create Dedicated Partition

# Create partition on /dev/sdb (not sda—avoid system disk!)
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
# Commands: n → p → 1 → [Enter] → [Enter] → w
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

Install Quota Tools

# RHEL/CentOS
sudo yum install quota -y

# Verify
rpm -qa | grep quota

Create Users and Groups

sudo useradd zybi
sudo useradd hamza
sudo useradd mazz
sudo groupadd quotagrp

# Assign users to group
sudo usermod -g quotagrp hamza
sudo usermod -g quotagrp mazz

3. Enabling Quotas on Filesystem