Developmental Milestones
The table below summarises the major gross motor developmental milestones
| Age | Milestone |
|---|---|
| 3 months | Little or no head lag on being pulled to sit |
| Lying on abdomen, good head control | |
| Held sitting, lumbar curve | |
| 6 months | Lying on abdomen, arms extended |
| Lying on back, lifts and grasps feet | |
| Pulls self to sitting | |
| Held sitting, back straight | |
| Rolls front to back | |
| 7-8 months | Sits without support (Refer at 12 months) |
| 9 months | Pulls to standing |
| Crawls | |
| 12 months | Cruises |
| Walks with one hand held | |
| 13-15 months | Walks unsupported (Refer at 18 months) |
| 18 months | Squats to pick up a toy |
| 2 years | Runs |
| Walks upstairs and downstairs holding on to rail | |
| 3 years | Rides a tricycle using pedals |
| Walks up stairs without holding on to rail | |
| 4 years | Hops on one leg |
Notes:
Abnormal development or developmental delay refers to a significant lag in a child's physical, cognitive, behavioural, emotional, or social development, relative to established growth milestones. It is crucial for clinicians to identify and address these delays promptly to improve long-term outcomes.
The process of normal child development is complex and multifaceted, encompassing the maturation of various systems such as motor skills (gross and fine), language (expressive and receptive), cognitive abilities, and adaptive behaviours. Any disruption in this intricate process can lead to abnormal development. The root cause may be genetic disorders, prenatal exposure to toxins/drugs/alcohol, premature birth, nutritional deficiencies or environmental factors.
Referral points
Fine motor skill problems
Gross motor problems