1.1 Introduction to Data, Database, Database System, DBMS
Data
- Raw facts and figures that have no meaning by themselves.
- Example: 101, “Ram”, 80, etc.
Information
- Processed and meaningful data.
- Example: “Ram scored 80 marks in Computer Science.”
Database
- A collection of related data that is organized so it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
- Example: student database, library database.
Database System
- A system that allows users to store, retrieve, update, and manage data.
- Includes hardware, software, data, users, and procedures.
DBMS (Database Management System)
- Software that manages a database.
- Helps in storing, retrieving, updating, and controlling data.
Examples: MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MS Access.

1.2 Field, Record, Objects, Primary Key, Alternate Key, Candidate Key