1.1 Introduction to Data, Database, Database System, DBMS

Data

• Raw facts and figures that have no meaning by themselves.
• Example: 101, “Ram”, 80, etc.

Information

• Processed and meaningful data.
• Example: “Ram scored 80 marks in Computer Science.”

Database

• A collection of related data that is organized so it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
• Example: student database, library database.

Database System

• A system that allows users to store, retrieve, update, and manage data.
• Includes hardware, software, data, users, and procedures.

DBMS (Database Management System)

• Software that manages a database.
• Helps in storing, retrieving, updating, and controlling data.

Examples: MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MS Access.

1.2 Field, Record, Objects, Primary Key, Alternate Key, Candidate Key