https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HygbrCZL6mqbhpwJB45lsabPLvwle5oK/view?usp=sharing

1. Prepare a New Disk (Lab Setup)

Rescan for New Disk (Hot-Add)

# Fix syntax from your notes (corrected)
for host in /sysclass/scsi_host/host*/; do
  echo "- - -" > "${host}scan"
done
lsblk    # Verify new disk (e.g., /dev/sdb)

Create Partition

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
# Commands in fdisk:
# n → p → [Enter] → [Enter] → w
sudo partprobe    # Reload partition table
lsblk             # Verify /dev/sdb1

2. Create EXT2 Filesystem

Format and Mount

sudo mke2fs /dev/sdb1          # Create EXT2 (no journaling)
sudo blkid /dev/sdb1           # Note UUID and TYPE="ext2"
sudo mkdir /test
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /test
df -hT                         # Confirm TYPE=ext2

# Add test data
cd /test
touch test{1..20}
cal > cal.txt
cd

3. Convert EXT2 → EXT3 (Enable Journaling)

Steps

# 1. Unmount
sudo umount /test

# 2. Add journal (converts to EXT3)
sudo tune2fs -j /dev/sdb1

# 3. Verify
sudo blkid /dev/sdb1           # TYPE="ext3"
sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 | grep "Filesystem features"
# Output should include: has_journal

# 4. Remount and test
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /test
cat /test/cal.txt              # Data intact

✅ Key Point:

4. Convert EXT3 → EXT4 (Add Modern Features)

Steps

# 1. Unmount
sudo umount /test

# 2. Enable EXT4 features
sudo tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/sdb1

# 3. Verify
sudo blkid /dev/sdb1           # TYPE="ext4"
lsblk -f                       # Confirm ext4

# 4. Remount and test
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /test
ls -l /test                    # Data intact
cat /test/cal.txt