PDA

TGA

TOF

Types

Acyanotic - most common causes

• ventricular septal defects (VSD) - most common, accounts for 30%
• atrial septal defect (ASD)
• patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• coarctation of the aorta
• aortic valve stenosis

VSDs are more common than ASDs. However, in adult patients ASDs are the more common new diagnosis as they generally presents later.

Cyanotic - most common causes

• tetralogy of Fallot
• transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
• tricuspid atresia

Fallot's is more common than TGA. However, at birth TGA is the more common lesion as patients with Fallot's generally presenting at around 1-2 months

The presence of cyanosis in pulmonary valve stenosis depends very much on the severity and any other coexistent defects.

Innocent murmurs