Neural networks (connectionist AI) are powerful learning algorithms, but training them comes with several key challenges. Below are explanations of four major challenges in training neural networks.

Overfitting vs Generalization

Catastrophic Forgetting

Data Privacy & Security

Environmental Cost

https://www.v7labs.com/blog/overfitting

https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/catastrophic-forgetting#:~:text=Catastrophic forgetting occurs when neural,in a sequential learning process

https://jelvix.com/blog/catastrophic-forgetting#:~:text=Catastrophic interference%2C also referred to,previously learned as soon as

https://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/best-practices-ai-data-privacy#:~:text=At Rapid Innovation%2C we understand,our data privacy compliance software

https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/privacy-attacks-federated-learning#:~:text=memorize their training data in,Recent work by Haim et

https://superagi.com/mastering-ai-powered-crm-security-in-2025-a-beginners-guide-to-data-protection-and-compliance/#:~:text=Protecting training data is a,access and potential data breaches

https://www.arbor.eco/blog/ai-environmental-impact#:~:text=Is AI increasing carbon emissions%3F

https://marmelab.com/blog/2025/03/19/ai-carbon-footprint.html#:~:text=Modern AI tools offer impressive,leading to substantial CO2 emissions