Murmurs

Ejection systolic

• aortic stenosis
• pulmonary stenosis, HOCM
• ASD, Fallot's

Holosystolic (pansystolic)

• mitral/tricuspid regurgitation (high-pitched and 'blowing' in character)
• VSD ('harsh' in character)

Late systolic

• mitral valve prolapse
• coarctation of aorta

Early diastolic

• aortic regurgitation (high-pitched and 'blowing' in character); seen in around 10% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis
• Graham-Steel murmur (pulmonary regurgitation, again high-pitched and 'blowing' in character)

Mid-late diastolic

• mitral stenosis ('rumbling' in character)
• Austin-Flint murmur (severe aortic regurgitation, again is 'rumbling' in character)

Continuous machine-like mumur

• patent ductus arteriosus