牛津通识读本 | 孤独症 by Uta Frith, published by Oxford University Press https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B003CXAM2I/ref=dbs_p_ebk_dam 关于 牛津通识读本

Colossum

• Neurotypical or NT: an abbreviation of neurologically typical, is a neologism widely used in the autistic community as a label for non-autistic people.
• Autism spectrum: overall prevalence: 1%
  • Class Autism: 0.3%
  • mild autism / high-functioning / Asperger syndrome: 0.7%

Phenomenon

ASD features

• In a world of his own (lack reciprocal social interaction)
• Unable to communicate. different levels ( severe → middle ASD spectrum):
  • speak late and the use of language is extremely limited (use language if he wants something, but not to express feeling or thoughts)
  • impossible to know whether people make jokes or other meaning behind languages
  • does not enjoy ordinary chitchat. (unable to engage in a conversation)
• Restricted and repetitive (repetitive activities and narrow interests)

When does autism start?

• Normal children begin to develop joint attention from the beginning of second year. People with ASD don't.
• regression or lack of progress, often in secondary year.
• biology: bigger brains (pruning overgrowth in the developing brain)

Social communication

The big three (or five) ideas

Mindblindness idea

Unable to read minds / mentalizing in the brain.

The Sally-Anne test

Lack of social drive (Not driven to be social)