Epistemology comes from three sources: revelation, rationalism, and empiricism.

Epistemological Tools

• Logic is an epistemological tool
  • Prepositional: AND OR NOT
  • Predicate (first-order): Prepositional + Universal Quantification
  • High-order
• Reason: the use of logic to derive conclusions
  • Inductive: from specific to general, based on observation
    • Propositional Logic
    • Probabilistic Reasoning
  • Deductive: from general to specific
    • Predicate Logic — Syllogistic Reasoning

Epistemology Composition

• Aprioi
  • Innate knowledge (DNA, ...)
  • Personal experience
  • Deductive Reasoning
• Aposteriori
  • Empiricism: learning through experience
    • Tabula Rasa
    • Scientific method
  • Inductive Reasoning
• Scripture ~ Positivism rejects that

Some Fallacies

• Faulty generalization
• Cherry-picking fallacy
• Fallacy of composition
• Appeal to authority
• No true Scotsman fallacy

More Complex Frameworks

They could be both inductive or deductive

• Socratic Method
• Feynman technique
• Fallacy (faulty reasoning) detection