Topiramate

should not be used in women and girls of childbearing potential unless conditions of the Pregnancy Prevention Programme are fulfilled.

Drug treatment according to the type of epilepsy

Generalised tonic-clonic seizures

• lamotrigine or levetiracetam

Focal seizures

• first line: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
• second line: carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or zonisamide

Absence seizures (Petit mal)

• first line: ethosuximide
• second line: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
• carbamazepine may exacerbate absence seizures

Myoclonic seizures

• first-line: levetiracetam
• second line: lamotrigine

Tonic or atonic seizures

• first-line: lamotrigine
• second line: clobazam, rufinamide, or topiramate

Phenytoin