we use anatomical terminology to decrease confusion and increase precision
for example, hyper- means high, and tension refers to pressure, therefore hypertension means high blood pressure
tachycardia and bradycardia seem like weird words, but let's break them down
tachy- means rapid and cardia refers to the heart, hence rapid heart rate
brady- means slow and cardia refers to the heart, hence slow heart rate
prone means face down
supine means face up
the term "brachium" or "arm" is reserved for the upper arm, and "antebrachium" or "forearm" is used rather than "lower arm".
Anterior or ventral describes the front
the toes are anterior to the foot
Posterior or dorsal describes the back
the popliteus is posterior to the patella
Superior or cranial describes a position above or higher than another bbody part
the orbits are superior to the oris
Inferior or caudal describes a position below or lower than another body part
the pelvis is inferior to the abdomen