1. AI Model Performance

Problem: Multiple AI models (BERT, YOLO, OCR) needed simultaneously with memory constraints and speed requirements.

Our Solution: Local model caching, YOLO nano variant for speed, hybrid duplicate detection (BERT + ImageHash).

2. Microservices Communication

Problem: Three services (Next.js, Node.js, Python) needed reliable communication with proper error handling**.**

Our Solution: FastAPI standardization, Server Actions for type-safe calls, retry logic with exponential backoff.

3. Blockchain Cost & Security

Problem: High gas costs for logging every action, smart contract vulnerabilities.

Our Solution: Polygon testnet, event-based logging, batch transactions, contract upgrade mechanisms.

4. Multi-Factor Authentication

Problem: Need secure identity verification without external dependencies.

Our Solution: 3-layer system (Email + Voter ID OCR + blockchain wallet), JWT tokens, role-based access.

5. Traffic Violation Detection

Problem: Detect helmet violations with high accuracy across diverse conditions**.**

Our Solution: YOLOv8 nano (85% accuracy), EasyOCR for license plates, format validation, manual review for low confidence.

6. Image Storage & Integrity

Problem: Handle 10MB uploads, maintain 7-year evidence retention, prevent tampering.

Our Solution: Validation pipeline, cryptographic hashing, evidence packages with access logs, IPFS planned.